Crafting Glass

From Glass Eyes To Glass Flowers, The Incredible Artistic Flowers Of Glass At Harvard

 1 glass flower bouquet Blaschka Harvard Ware 

It has been said at least once that the best of Mozart’s music was like the very voice of God. If that is true then these incredible glass flowers are likewise wondrous, like a creation by Gods own hands and eyes. They are that special, in many peoples’ opinion, including my own. The detail and color and true to life form are unbelievable, nearly other worldly. The most often heard comment in the museum, when the flowers are seen for the first time is: “where are the glass flowers?” Most first time viewers cannot really believe that the Blaschka flowers are not real. “They can’t be made of glass” is another comment heard frequently. The detail is astounding, according to many botanists. One model of the Angelica plant and flower has over 2,500 buds and blossoms. That is not a misprint. Some of the cacti have hundreds of spines or needles. Oohs and aahs are often audible in the glass flower viewing area as well. This reaction is even more remarkable because these  glass flowers have been on display in the Harvard Museum of Natural History for no less that 74 years (the latest flowers added) to as long as 123 years (the earliest glass flowers added to the display). Unfortunately there has been some “glass disease” in the soda-lime glass used by the artists. And some dust particles and dirt cannot be removed totally without a risk of damage to the fragile plant parts.  Despite this deterioration there is nothing today to match the present beauty and detail of these stunning artistic flowers of glass.

 The Harvard Museum of Natural History’s collection of extremely detailed models of flowers (and stems and leaves) is made of colored and (some) painted glass. In the display are over 800 models of life-size plants or flowers representing about 780 species and nearly 165 plant families.  Altogether there are over 4000 models including details of enlarged flowers and sections of vegetative parts. There are intricate glass models showing pollination details of many plants, as well. All of this remarkable display was created by just two men,  Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph. This entire display at Harvard is known as the Ware Collection. A generous donation by Elizabeth Ware and her daughter Mary (about 1886) made it possible for the Harvard Natural History Museum, under director Professor Goodale, to commission the Blaschkas to create these glass flower models. For nearly 50 years Leopold and Rudolf (Blaschka) furnished the glass models to Harvard. After Leopold’s death in 1895 Rudolph continued alone making the glass flowers until about 1936, several years before he died.                                                

The exact method(s) used to create the models was never fully revealed by the Blaschkas, although broad hints were given out. The elder Blaschka (Leopold) said that many people think we have some secret apparatus by which we can squeeze glass suddenly into these forms, but it is not so. Instead, we have tact, he said. I think he meant skill and patience, or perhaps the word “tact” was used differently or had a different meaning before 1900 than it has today. Leopold also said that to have great skill in artistic glass creation one must have a whole line of glass artist ancestors, starting with at least your great-grandfather, and continuing through your father. The Blaschkas themselves had this ancestry to their apparent benefit! The actual technique they used was not actually “supernatural” or miraculous. Although their skill was incredible the glass flowers were created by their hands, not Gods. The process they used is thought to have been mainly “lampworking”, a technique involving heating bits of glass over a flame. Modern glass artists use this process to create lovely glass beads and other glass art.

Many years before he began making flowers, Leopold Blaschka made and sold glass eyes. He also made glass beakers, test-tubes, and beads.  Somewhat later he made models of marine creatures (jellyfish, octopi, squid, etc.). These glass models were also extremely detailed and lifelike. These glass creatures were widely admired and contributed greatly to his (and his sons) fame. The sea animals were sold to museums all over the world.  Viewing the glass marine creatures eventually led Professor Goodale (of Harvard) to request that they (the Blaschkas) create some glass flower models. The beauty and exquisite detail of those flowers created the desire in Goodale and the Wares to start and enlarge the Harvard glass flower collection into the remarkable display it is today. In final tribute to the Blashkas I give you this quote : (their work is) “An artistic marvel in the field of science and a scientific marvel in the field of art.”

2CactiMapleFlowerBlashkaHarvardHerbalGramFlickerH.Burger

Enjoy the pictures! Jerry (webmaster CraftingGlass.com)

Leaded crystal glass, sometimes called “Flint Glass” is being cut today in Belgium, Ireland, West Germany, and in many other countries of the world. However I feel that with careful observation and comparison you will come to the conclusion that old American cut glass pieces (called American Brilliant Cut Glass) more often than not beat all the rest! In craftsmanship, quality, and intrinsic beauty the American glass often excels even the best of the modern cut glass. American Brilliant glass (a collectible glass, by the way) was made by many glass houses (companies) from about 1876 to 1917. The glass used in the “Brilliant Period” to make the cut glass objects was made with up to 40% lead oxide. This ingredient gives the glass a shine and reflection like the fine leaded crystal glass that it is. The art glass designs on the object were also “cut” by hand using carborundum or stone wheels. Many of the patterns were very intricate. The hand work was very labor intensive so the cut glass pieces were expensive (even way back then). Today the American Brilliant cut glass (ABCG) is generally quite affordable, except for the most exquisite items.

There have been some scoundrels who have faked the more expensive American Brilliant Cut Glass items. To tell the real item from the fake is sometimes difficult but if you follow the following guidelines you can generally avoid getting scammed.

1. The weight of the true cut glass is generally quite heavy compared to a similar size “fake”.

2. The old, authentic, glass should have some obvious wear marks on the bottom. Generally the item was used many times over the last 100 or so years so wear (on the bottom only) is expected. The wear marks should be random, as would naturally occur.

3. In bright light the genuine piece should sparkle and put on quite a show as it is turned in the light. Cheap fakes are often not as reflective.

4. A genuine ABCG glass will ring clear, like a bell, when flicked with your fingernail. Inexpensive reproductions will not usually sound so nice.

5. The incised “cut” lines in the designs are clear and clean with sharp edges, an indication of having been cut with a tool, not molded into the glass with heat.

6. The glass in the ABCG piece should have a water-white clarity with virtually no bubbles or defects like “seeds” (unfused sand particles).

A very important additional tip: Buy only from a dealer you know to have a good reputation. Perhaps you may also wish to ask where he or she obtained the ABCG piece and its history, if known.

Please look at the very short video below to see an example of an ABCG pitcher.

Who would you trust to restore lovely art glass windows in one of the most cherished art deco structures in the nation? The Oviatt Building trustees in LA chose our new featured artist Adamm Gritlefeld (yes, two “m”s) to restore/repair their precious etched and carved glass windows (originally done by Lalique). Their trust was well placed as Adamm’s work is superb. Adamm is the owner of Adamm’s Stained Glass Studio & Art Glass Gallery at 1426 4th Street, Santa Monica, CA. Mr. Gritlefeld custom designs , creates, and installs all types of glass panels, windows, doors and skylights in addition to his demonstrated excellence in repairs and restoration of all kinds of decorative art glass. At his retail location (and on his web site) Adamm also has a great gallery featuring works of over 125 top American glass artists. Some of the well known artists in the gallery are: Josh Simpson, James Nowak, Richard Satava, Michael Nourot, Craig Zweifel, Daniel Salazar, Michael Schunke, Susan Gott, Karen Ehart, Charles Lotton, David Lotton, and Rick Strini.

I can personally vouch for Mr. Gritlefelds dedication to perfection in his work. While discussing a blog by a stained glass artist (who shall remain nameless) Adamm scolded that artist for saying that the back side of the work could be left kind of rough as “nobody sees the back side”. Adamm says: “He really doesn’t know what he is talking about” ….” The only time a piece would not be seen in the back would be if it were a skylight, and people wouldn’t see the top side. However, strength is sacrificed if the soldering is not done properly.”

Adamm is also a renowned specialist in the repair and restoration of glass lampshades. Talking about the soldering work on leaded glass lampshades he says: “In old lamps you can really tell the difference between Tiffany, Dufner Kimberly and Chicago Mosaic. While the first two soldered both sides well the lamps of Chicago Mosaic were terrible on the inside” Knowing now what I have discovered about him I would certainly trust Adamm for any glass restoration work I might have in the future!.

Just below are “before” and “after” pictures of a window restoration project at St. Joseph’s chapel at Santa Teresita (Duarte, California).

Before                                                     After

Nice work, Adamm!

Don’t get the idea that repair and restoration are featured to the exclusion of the new work of Adamm himself and the work of his many gallery artists. On the contrary, his “brick and mortar” shop and his website are packed full of beautiful works of glass art, most of which are for sale. As mentioned previously The Gallery offers the work of over 125 (update 12/22/09- now over 180) of America’s top glass artists in its permanent collection. In addition, you will find jewelry, kaleidoscopes and wall art in fabric, glass and paint. By attending numerous art shows and conferences nationwide, Adamm continually meets and acquires the work of new artists to represent in his gallery. His love of glass and people allow him to bring a wonderfully warm and fresh air to the work displayed. You will never find a hard sell at Adamm’s. Your gallery purchase is guaranteed with a one-week approval period and a lifetime exchange policy. Adamm wants you to be completely satisfied. Adamm loves glass and art as most of us at Crafting Glass do!

Below this sentence are just three of the stunning glass vases shown in the current Gallery. Remember, there are hundreds of glass art objects in Adamm’s gallery. A truly amazing sight, in my humble opinion!

Adamm established his store and business way back in 1972 so he is no “Johnny come lately” to the glass scene. Over the years his studio has forged a reputation for creating the finest quality art glass, including etched and carved glass, stained glass windows, and even skylights. His studio also manufactures authentic Tiffany lamp reproductions. The studio’s commissions can be seen in homes and businessess throughout the United States and the world (even in celebrities homes and in the White House)!

This past summer (2009) Adamm was busy restoring the leaded glass skylights in the famous Doheny Mansion on the Mount St. Mary’s College campus in Los Angeles, CA. On his next phase of the Doheney Mansion project Adamm worked on scaffolding both inside and outside. This phase is to clean and restore the 25 foot diameter Tiffany Dome! For some idea of the size and luxury of the Doheney Mansion see this stunning picture just below. One of the skylight windows Adamm worked on is shown also (just below).

Doheney Mansion at Mt. St. Mary’s College Doheney Mansion Art Glass Skylight

To visit Adamm Gritlefeld’s web site, click here: adamms gallery

Enjoy!

Jerry (webmaster, CraftingGlass.com)